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Vliv náboženství a dalších faktorů na kvalitu partnerských vztahů: porovnání zemí V4
Remešová, Hana
This diploma thesis is focused on the influence of religion on partnerships in the Visegrad Four countries. From the findings of the literature search in the first part of the work, religion becomes an important element in helping the stability of the relationship and individuals tend to find a similar partner. The result of the questionnaire survey was a strong positive relationship, according to which the strength of the long-term partner's faith is also important for believers, which is common to all countries, even if they have a different population structure. In addition, other important features for long-term relationships have been identified, such as kindness and attractiveness.
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Who divorces whom: unilateral divorce legislation and the educational structure of marriage
Afunts, Geghetsik ; Jurajda, Štěpán
There is evidence that the introduction of unilateral divorce legislation (UDL) starting in the late 1960s increased US divorce rates. We ask whether making divorce easier affected the educational structure of marriage. Based on marriage and divorce certificate data covering 1970-1988, we provide new evidence on the evolution of the educational structure of marriage inflows (newlyweds) and outflows (divorces), and estimate UDL difference-in-differences effects on both flows. While UDL did not contribute to rising homogamy (the tendency towards married partners having the same level of education), it did affect the educational structure of marriage: it made generally unstable hypogamous couples (women marrying less educated partners) less likely to divorce, and it made homogamous couples more stable than hypergamous ones (women marrying more educated partners).
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Assortative mating in humans.
Štěrbová, Zuzana ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee) ; Špinka, Marek (referee)
Human mate choice is far from random. Assortative mating can be either positive (homogamy), when people prefer and choose partners with self-similar characteristics, or negative (heterogamy, complementarity), when people prefer self-dissimilar partners. Over one hundred years of research, it has been shown that people generally couple based on the principle of homogamy. This thesis seeks to address the following two goals. First, it critically reviews the current state of knowledge in positive assortative mating (in particular, empirical support, factors affecting homogamy, mechanisms of homogamy, relationship and genetic impact of homogamy, and methodological pitfalls of research). This section includes theoretical papers deal with further mechanisms of assortative mating (homogamy, imprinting-like effect, heterogamy, complementarity). Second, the thesis provides further test of assortative mating in 'ideal partners' (preferences) and actual partners, in the context of sex, sexual orientation (heterosexual and non-heterosexual), and population (Brazil and Czech Republic). Results of these studies show that the principle of homogamy is valid irrespective of sex and population. However, they find a stronger tendency for homogamy in actual partners among heterosexuals than in homosexuals, although...
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Mechanisms of assortative mating in humans
Dudková, Tamara ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Bártová, Klára (referee)
Two main principles of the relationship formation were previously established: i) homogamy and ii) heterogamy. According to the principle of homogamy, partners tend to be similar to each other. In contrast, heterogamy states that partners' characteristics differ. The theory of homogamy has reached significantly higher empirical support, however it is still unclear which mechanisms lead to similarities between partners. Potential mechanisms involve proximity (geography and social propinquity/proximity), preference for self-similarity, convergence (mutual assimilation) during cohabitation etc. Several previous studies showed, the similarity between partners in various social-demographic, physical, and attitudinal characteristics among others contributes to the relationship satisfaction. The main aim of the proposed bachelor thesis, is to perform a review of the relevant literature and analyse which mechanisms of homogamy and heterogamy apply to various characteristics and whether their role vary according to the type of the relationship (i.e. open relationships, marriages, etc.)
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Influence of dominance on partner satisfaction in long-term homosexual and heterosexual couples
Breslerová, Kateřina ; Bártová, Klára (advisor) ; Průšová, Denisa (referee)
Recent studies propose two theories explaining the particular mechanisms of mate choice. Theory of homogamy suggests that individuals prefer partners with personality traits similar to their own. In contrast, theory of complementarity states that people choose mates with opposite personality traits. The main aims of this study were i) to test homogamy and complementarity of dominance in long-term heterosexual and homosexual male couples and ii) to examine whether this similarity predicts higher relationship satisfaction. We also tested whether heterosexual couples differ from same-sex couples in the level of assessed homogamy. Dominance was measured in four different domains: dominance as a personal trait, dominance in social groups, partner dominance and sexual dominance. The research sample consisted of 76 male heterosexuals (mean age 24, SD = 4) and their long-term partners (mean age 22, SD = 3.34) and 36 male homosexuals (mean age 30, SD = 8.25) and their long- term partners (mean age 29, SD = 6.99). All participants completed anonymous set of questionnaires (International Personality Item Pool (IPIP), Rank Style With Peers Questionnaire (RSPQ), Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS), along with a questionnaire focused on sexual dominance, and Spanier's test of dyadic adjustment). Our findings...
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Influence of homogamy and complementarity on partner choice in homosexual individuals.
Bártová, Klára ; Varella Valentova, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Procházka, Ivo (referee)
Recent studies show that both physical and personality characteristics influence mate choice. Two theories explaining particular mechanisms of mate choice were proposed. Theory of homogamy suggests that individuals prefer partners with similar personality traits as they have. In contrast, theory of complementarity states that people choose mates with opposite personality traits. Main aim of the current study was to test homogamy and complementarity of personality traits in long-term same-sex male couples. The research sample consisted of 40 male homosexuals (mean age 24.2, SD = 4.6) and their long-term partners (mean age 27.4, SD = 5.2). All participants completed anonymous set of questionnaires (NEO-FFI, Spanier's test of dyadic adjustment, questionnaire focused on gender diagnosticy and revised sociosexuality orientation inventory) Each questionnaire was evaluated separately. The individual scores of participants and his partner was compared by correlational analyses. Then, we using a correlation and ANOVA analyses between couples similarity and results of Dyadic Adjustment Scale was tested. Findings showed that greater couple similarity in BMI and weight indicates higher satisfaction in the partnership. The results also showed that homosexual couples were similar in age, occupation, level of...
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